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Associação clínica dos sintomas defecatórios em mulheres com disfunção do assoalho pélvico

2017-05-29T00:00:00Z

Título: Associação clínica dos sintomas defecatórios em mulheres com disfunção do assoalho pélvico Autor(es): Vasconcelos Neto, José Ananias Abstract: Posterior vaginal wall prolapses have often been implicated in bowel symptoms, but the data are controversial. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association and correlation of Bp point, perineal body (Pb) and genital hiatus (Gh) measures with constipation, anal incontinence, severity of symptoms and quality of life. Methods The patients were distributed into 2 groups according to the posterior vaginal wall Bp point (POP-Q): One group without posterior vaginal wall prolapse (Control Group = Bp ≤ -1) and one with posterior vaginal wall prolapse (Case Group = Bp ≥ 0). Demographic data, defecatory dysfunctions and SF-36 were compared between the groups. Correlations between severity of posterior prolapse (Bp, Gh, Pb and Gh+Pb) and severity of bowel symptoms were also calculated. Results A total of 613 women were evaluated, with 174 included (Control Group=69/39.7%, Case Group=105/60.3%). The groups were similar in the following characteristics: anal incontinence, fecal urgency and/or constipation. There was no correlation between the severity of constipation and anal incontinence, according to Wexner scores, and the severity of the posterior vaginal wall prolapse, measured through the Bp point. There were, however, statistically significant differences between the groups when comparing Pb, Gh and Gh+Pb measures. The Pb and Gh+Pb correlated positively with symptoms of constipation, as well as with the scores of some domains of the SF-36, however, there was no correlation with anal incontinence. Conclusion: These results suggest that the severity of posterior vaginal wall prolapse is not correlated with constipation or anal incontinence, but Pb and Gh + Pb measurements are correlated with constipation and SF-36 scores. Keywords: Descrição: VASCONCELOS NETO, J. A. Associação clínica dos sintomas defecatórios em mulheres com disfunção do assoalho pélvico. 2017. 100 f. Tese ( Doutorado em Ciências Médico-Cirúrgicas )- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.

Prevalência e fatores de risco para hemólise imune nos pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático

2016-12-09T00:00:00Z

Título: Prevalência e fatores de risco para hemólise imune nos pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático Autor(es): Brunetta, Denise Menezes Abstract: Liver transplant (LT) anemia is multifactorial. Immune hemolysis occurs due to auto-antibodies, drug induced or not, or due to allo-antibodies, formed by transfusion or passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for immune hemolysis in LT. Between September 2014 and April 2016, 175 patients submitted to 178 LT were included. Multi-organ recipients were excluded. Samples from before, seven consecutive days and weekly for four weeks were analyzed for complete blood cound, reticulocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indirect bilirrubin (IB) and imummohematological tests. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis, p<0.05 was considered significant. The mean age was 52.1 ± 14.6 years old, with 105 male patients (60%). The most frequent causes of cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus (HCV, 59 – 33.7%) and alcohol (44 – 25.1%). Anemia before LT was present in 140 patients (74.2%), with lower hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in those with positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT, p=0.014). Nine patients (5.1%) presented positive antibody screen (AS) before transplant, with 2.3% of clinical significance. This finding was more frequent in RhD negative patients (p=0.017). Positive DAT occurred in 53 patients (30.3%) and was related to high MELD score (p=0,048), HCV (p=0.005) and furosemide use (p=0.001). These patients presented higher levels of IB (p<0.001). Ninety six patients (55%) were transfused in the studied period. One hundred and fourty five patients (87.8%) were still anemic on the fourth week. Twenty two patients (12.5%) presented positive AS after LT, with nine patients (5.7%) presenting clinically significant antibodies. Positive AS occurred more frequently in RhD negative (p=0.021) and in those transfused with red blood cells units (RBCU, p=0.022). Sixteen patients received grafts with minor ABO incompatibility. Post-transplant positive DAT was associated with higher levels of LDH (p=0.006), piperacillin-tazobactam use (p=0.021) and was more frequent in the non identical ABO group (p=0.0038). In this group, five of eleven positive DAT patients presented anti-A (2) or anti-B (3) on the eluate, representing PLS. All PLS patients received liver graft O and were using mycofenolate, tacrolimus and steroids. Four patients presented hemolysis and three were transfused due to PLS. These patients, compared to all the other patients, presented lower Hb concentration (p=0.043) and higher LDH levels (p=0.008) and reticulocyte counts (p=0.008). The presence of auto and allo-antibodies against red blood cell antigens is frequent in LT, but clinical significant hemolysis occurred in only 2.8%. Antibodies are more frequent in patients with higher MELD scores, with HCV, in use of pre-transplant furosemide, in those transfused patients with RBCU, RhD negative and piperacillin-tazobactam use after LT. The only risk factor for PLS is minor ABO mismatch between donor and recipient. Descrição: BRUNETTA, D. M. Prevalência e fatores de risco para hemólise imune nos pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático. 2016. 133 f. Tese (Doutorado em Cirurgia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.

Análise da associação dos marcadores cagT, LEC e oipA funcional e não funcional do Helicobacter pylori em afecções gástricas

2015-12-15T00:00:00Z

Título: Análise da associação dos marcadores cagT, LEC e oipA funcional e não funcional do Helicobacter pylori em afecções gástricas Autor(es): Gonçalves, Maria Helane Rocha Batista Abstract: The Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa of human beings. The chronic infection caused by this pathogen is strongly associated with an increased risk for gastric illnesses different, ranging from chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer for two types of gastric cancer, adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the lymphoid tissue associated to mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of cagT markers, LEC, functional and nonfunctional oipA in patients with disorders of gastritis, ulcers and stomach cancer. Genotyping of the strains was performed by PCR. Were evaluated 181 patients attended at the University Hospital Walter Cantídio, 87 (48.1%) men, 94 (51.9%) women, with ages ranging from 18-90 years, mean age of 53 + 17.8 years, with a positive diagnosis for H. pylori infection, these 48 carriers of gastric cancer, 69 patients with peptic ulcer and 64 with gastritis. The prevalence of the genotypes studied was: 145/181 (80.1%) cagT, 83/181 (45.9%) LEC 81/181 (44.7%) oipA and oipA"on"34/81.In the group of patients with gastric cancer was observed that the most frequent genotype was the cagT 43/48 (89,5%), followed by the oipA gene "on" 10/18 (55.6%) and LEC 17/48 (35.4%). In the group of patients with peptic ulcer genotype was the most frequent cagT 62/69 (89.8%), followed by gene LEC, 34/69 (49.3%) and the oipA"on" 13/31 (41.9%). In the group of patients with the most frequent genotype gastritis was cagT 40/64 (62.5%), followed by gene LEC 32/64 (50.0%) and the oipA "on" 11/32 (34.4%). Furthermore, by the presented data there is no association of H. pylori and gender and or age of the patients.The genetic study of the markers of H. pylori infection and its relationship with the gastric disorders is essential to establish the profile of virulence of strains and thus elucidate the clinical outcomes variables involved with this infection. Descrição: GONÇALVES, M. H. R. B. Análise da associação dos marcadores cagT, LEC e oipA funcional e não funcional do Helicobacter pylori em afecções gástricas. 2015. 65 f. Tese (Doutorado em Cirurgia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.

Correlação entre ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional e videolaparoscopia em mulheres com suspeita de endometriose profunda

2012-12-21T00:00:00Z

Título: Correlação entre ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional e videolaparoscopia em mulheres com suspeita de endometriose profunda Autor(es): Lima, Doryane Maria dos Reis Abstract: O envolvimento colorretal está presente em aproximadamente 5% a 10% dos casos de endometriose infiltrativa profunda (BAILEY, 2007) e a avaliação da extensão loco-regional destas lesões é essencial para o correto tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi correlacionar os achados da ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional com os achados da videolaparoscopia em mulheres com suspeita de endometriose profunda e calcular o valor preditivo positivo, negativo, sensibilidade e especificidade da ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional no diagnóstico desta afecção. Este é um estudo prospectivo, observacional, transversal que avaliou 180 pacientes do sexo feminino portadoras de endometriose pélvica e com suspeita de acometimento intestinal, no período de abril de 2010 a agosto de 2012. Destas, 89 pacientes foram incluídas e participaram de todas as etapas do estudo. As pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas a US 3D e colonoscopia para avaliação no Setor de Coloproctologia do Hospital Genesis/Gastroclínica, Cascavel/Paraná. Com base no resultado da US 3D, as pacientes foram distribuídas em Grupo I constituído por 15 mulheres com média de idade de 32,9 anos, variando de 23 a 42 anos, sem lesões envolvendo reto e gordura perirretal, Grupo II constituído por 38 mulheres com idade média de 33,85 anos, variando de 21 a 47 anos, com lesões acometendo a gordura perirretal e Grupo III constituído por 36 mulheres com idade média de 34,67 anos, variando de 26 a 48 anos, com imagens sugestivas de foco endometriótico acometendo, pelo menos, a camada muscular própria do reto. Após essa etapa inicial, foram encaminhadas ao procedimento cirúrgico videolaparoscópico constituído de uma equipe multidisciplinar. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética Médica do Hospital Gênesis/CEDIMED sob a ata nº 07 e todos assinaram o termo de consentimento pós-informado. As pacientes do G-II apresentavam como média do tamanho do foco endometriótico 1,97 cm e a média da distância da lesão ao músculo puborretal foi de 4,45 cm. As imagens correlacionadas com focos de endometriose estavam localizadas na gordura perirretal, sem invasão. Esses achados foram confirmados em 37 pacientes e os procedimentos adotados foram: laparoscopia em 1 paciente (2,8%), colotomia em 2 pacientes (5,2%), excisão da lesão retal em 32 pacientes (84,2%) e retossigmoidectomia em 3 pacientes (7,8%). No G-III, a média do tamanho do foco endometriótico foi de 2,34 cm e a distância média da lesão ao músculo puborretal foi de 4,31 cm. O foco infiltrava, pelo menos, a camada muscular da parede retal. Esses achados foram confirmados em 33 pacientes e os procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados foram: laparoscopia em 1 paciente (2,8%), ressecção em cunha em 1 paciente (2,8%), colotomia em 11 pacientes (30,5%), excisão da lesão retal em 11 pacientes (30,5%) e retossigmoidectomia em 12 pacientes (33,4%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos em relação ao tamanho do foco e nem em relação à distância da lesão ao músculo puborretal (p>0,05). Foi evidenciado concordância quase perfeita entre os achados do US 3D e a VLP (Kappa: 0,892; IC95%: 0,738-1,0) (p<0,001). Quanto ao diagnóstico de infiltração da parede retal, US 3D obteve uma sensibilidade de 98,5%, especificidade 73,6%, VPP de 93,3%, o VPN 73,6%. Os achados da ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional quando comparados com a videolaparoscopia em mulheres com suspeita de endometriose profunda mostra-se com excelente concordância. A ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional apresentou um alto valor preditivo e boa sensibilidade no diagnóstico da endometriose pélvica profunda. Descrição: LIMA, D. M. R. Correlação entre ultrassonografia anorretal tridimensional e videolaparoscopia em mulheres com suspeita de endometriose profunda. 2012. 93 f. Tese (Doutorado em Cirurgia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2012.