Participação dos receptores NMDA na via nociceptiva trigeminal e o efeito modulador do magnésio, no modelo de artrite da articulação temporomandibular induzida por carragenina em ratos

Abstract

Understanding the role of NMDA receptors and magnesium as a modulator of this receptor in the nociceptive process, we propose to study the importance of the effect of this receptor in orofacial pain caused by the TMJ inflammation, mediated via trigeminal, also analyzing the role of the magnesium which is a modulator of activation of this receptor. Nociceptive behavioral parameter was evaluated , the mechanical hypernociception was analyzed by von Frey electronic , nociceptive threshold was measured before and after injection carrageenan (4,6,10, 24 - 168 hours). The NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.1 to 0.5 mg / kg) was used to determinate the NMDA receptor influence in nociceptive process, it was administered intraperitonialy intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min before carrageenan Cg injection . To determinate the role of magnesium was carried out a pre-treatment by a supplementation with magnesium chloride (MgCl2, 90 mg / kg, divided into two taken orally) for 3, 5 and 7 days. We also cause a magnesium deficiency by administration of a special diet free of magnesium and milli-Q water administered ad libitum for 9 days. The nociceptive threshold was measured before and after all treatments. Results: Pretreatment with MK-801 (1, 0.5 snd 0.25mg/kg) inhibited the hypernociception, increasing the nociceptive threshold at 83% at the peak of hypernociception (6th hour) (p <0.01), and its effect lasted until 120 hours after a single administration (16%, p <0.05). With respect to treatment with supplemental MgCl2, it was observed that there was a significant increase in the nociceptive threshold about 24% at the peak of hypernociception (6th hour) in animals that received MgCl2 for 3 days before injection of carrageenan (p <0.001), an increase from 56% in animals with pre-treatment with 5 days (6th hour) (p <0.001) and an increase of 65% in the group that received MgCl2 for 7 days. In the magnesium deficient group we observed an increase in nociceptive response when compared with the initial threshold, with a decrease of 18% (p <0.001) in that threshold. Animals deficient in magnesium and injected with carrageenan showed a persistent decrease in hipernociceptive threshold that last until the end of experiment. We also observed the plasma level of magnesium, it was significantly higher in all MgCl2 treated groups, rising to 154% by day 7 compared to baseline, and in the deficient group, magnesium levels decreased it´s levels in 27%a after 9 days of magnesium free diet compared with the control. We also evaluate the expression of NMDA subunits NR1, NR2 and NR3 by RT-PCR analysis, which we found an increased expression of NR1 and NR3 subtypes (p <0.05) and a decrease in NR2B (p <0.05) in the groups receiving supplementation with MgCl2. For animals magnesium deficient, we observed no change in the NR2B subunit, but there was an increase in NR1 and NR3 subunit (p <0.05). By immunohistochemistry findings we suggest that magnesium deficiency caused an increase in immuno-labelilng of NR1 phosphorilated in both group, treated with intra-articular saline and the group injected with intra-articular carrageenan. In relation to inflammatory parameter the intensity of cell influx showed significant increase in the numbers of cells at 6ª hour, having a more significant difference at 12ª hour (p <0.01). We observed, with this study, that the NMDA receptor has an important role in orofacial nociception and that magnesium is able to modulate the nociceptive behavior and induces rearrangements of subunits receptor in Sp5C region. This study could lead to a better understanding of the central processing of trigeminal nociceptive pathway and development of new approaches in the treatment of orofacial pain of TMJ origin.