Avaliação da acurácia dos ortomosaicos e modelos digitais do terreno gerados por VANT e sua aplicação no cálculo de volume de pilhas de rejeito da Pedra Cariri

Abstract

Recently, the technological advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has been exponential. This equipment are capable of generating remote sensing products of high accuracy at low operating costs, carrying out activities previously performed exclusively by manned aircraft. In this context, the National Department of Mineral Production (DNPM), aiming to maximize their actions of oversight and management of mining, has partnered with the University of Brasilia (UnB) for the development of a small UAV capable of generating orthomosaics and Terrain Digital models (TDM) with high accuracy. To achieve such objective, UnB has developed a 2,5 kg aircraft equipped with a small-format camera, nonmetric, capable of obtaining high-resolution photographs, after being processed through method of computing similarities between overlapping images, generates a cloud of points of the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) of the surface, allowing to generate orthomosaics and TDMs. However, UAV technology is still considered emerging, being common questions about the survey method, used sensor and mainly accuracy of obtained results, a fact that motivated the elaboration in this case study. The main purpose this research is to evaluate of the accuracy of orthomosaics and TDMs generated from the data collected by the UAV developed by UnB, as well it's application in calculating the volume of laminate sedimentary limestone tailings piles of Araripe Basin in Ceará, extracted in the form of tiles in natura marked under the name of Cariri Stone, compared it's accuracy with the results obtained with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Light Detecting and Ranging (LIDAR) technologies, more commonly used by mining for this purpose. To evaluating the accuracy was used hypothesis testing method, from the trend and precision of analysis, and the results classified according to the Standard Cartographic Accuracy of Digital Cartographic Products (PEC-PCD). After the experiments performed, it was possible to acknowledge that the UAVUnB/DNPM is capable of generating with accuracy orthomosaics and MDTs, consistent with those obtained by conventional aerial photography, if properly oriented by ground control points. In this case study, the UAV showed better results when compared with modeling performed through GNSS and LIDAR technologies.