Condições sociodemográficas e de saúde bucal das pessoas com deficiência, e do seu acesso à atenção odontológica em uma unidade de atenção primária a saúde (UAPS) – Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

The state of Ceará is the third state with the highest rate of People with Disabilities (PWDS), surpassing the Northeast and national rates. Historically, PWDS has limited access to dental services, although their oral health (OH) conditions are unfavorable when compared to the general population. This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic conditions and the conditions of the OH of the PWDS, as well as the access to dental care of these people in a Unit of Primary Health Care (UPHC), Fortaleza-CE. A cross-sectional and quantitative research was made with 230 PWDS of the coverage area of UPHC Maria de Lourdes Jereissati, Fortaleza-CE. A structured form was used to evaluate, with sociodemographic and access data, and for the OH conditions a Community Indicator in OH (CIOH). The statistical analysis showed a higher prevalence of People with Intellectual Disabilities (34.6%) and People with Motor Disabilities (32.7%), predominantly aged over 60 (37%), with balance between males (49.1%) and females (50.9%), most of them single (52.2%) and with no profession/occupation (73%), 43.9% were illiterate and with a family income around 1.5 to 2 minimum wages. Stood out the acquired deficiencies (73.5%), and the presence of 75.2% of the caregiver. Regarding the access to dental care in the UPHC, it was verified a little demand for the service (35.2%), of which, 72.2% were never treated by his unit dentist, 52.6% received oral hygiene care, 89,6% never participated of promotion activities and 87.8% never received a visit from an OH professional. Among the PWDS, most showed ignorance about the schedule (85.2%) and priority (69.1%) of the dental care for PWDS. About OH conditions prevailed the periodontal disease (86.9%), followed by the dental caries (43.7%). It was identified edentulism (28.6%), and on the use and need of prostheses, 29.6% used and 56, 3% required some type of prosthesis. Given the results, it is clear the need to know the reality of the PWDS, for the organization of services and the planning of actions that will expand and prioritize access, qualify the dental care of these people at the local level, and therefore improve their conditions of OH.