Avaliação dos possíveis efeitos citogenéticos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de profissionais ocupacionalmente expostos a quimioterápicos em Teresina – PI

Abstract

Chemotherapy are cytotoxic substances used to cause cellular damage that is not only selective for tumor cells, affecting every cell in the body, resulting in adverse effects, including causing occupational hazards. This study evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effects in 22 professionals who handle and administer these drugs in oncology services in the city of Teresina (PI) by micronucleus test in buccal mucosa, chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes and laboratory evaluation. Applied a questionnaire recommended by the International Commission for Protection Against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens-ICPEMC, and collected up the biological material for analysis. The control group consisted of 22 administrative workers. The exposed population had an average age of 35.2 years and working time of 6.0 years, smoking time of 1.1 years, alcoholism time of 3.7 years, the use of prescription drugs and 2,7anos all wear PPE. The results showed a significant increase in genotoxicity level in workers who are exposed to a significant micronucleus induction in comparison with the control group (2.27 versus 0.68) and (0.15 versus 0.36); P <0.05. Found up nuclear changes in the group of subjects exposed showing a induction in nuclear abnormalities such as karyorrhexis (689.18 to 484.13) and frequency cariorrex (34.29 against 25.32). The frequency karyorrhexis was significant (P <0.05). For chromosomal aberrations test were analyzed in all metaphases 1171 and the main structural types of AC were observed rings, acentric rings, dicentric chromosomes and tricêntricos, the latter two being the most common. The average structural aberrations Chromosomal in exposed subjects was (2.000 ± 0.4699) and unexposed subjects was (1.178 ± 0.3770). In our study we found that the exposed group showed decreased values of total protein (7.50 ± 1.00) to (7.58 ± 0.70) compared to the control group, as well as albumin (3.74 ± 0, 46) in the exposed group versus (4.30 ± 0.38) in the control group. On hematological analysis it was observed that some workers in the exposed group had mild thrombocytopenia (14%) and lymphocytosis (32%). The parameters of genotoxicity and mutagenicity indicated a genetic instability in exposed workers, before that, it is necessary occupational biomonitoring of these professionals.