Influência da arborização e edificação no conforto térmico nos espaços públicos da cidade de Fortaleza

Abstract

The environmental quality of public spaces provides a better life quality of its users and of the resident population in its surroundings. The leisure activities and physical exercises, when not realized in adequate places, generates discomfort for people. The vegetation is extremely important because the trees contribute to the control of solar radiation, temperature and humidity, wind speed and air pollution. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of urban characteristics with emphasis on tree planting and building on the thermal comfort in places used for physical activities and recreation in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. For this matter, it was chosen six environments with spatialrepresentation, good geographic distribution and used by the surrounding populations - Calçadão do Hospital da Mulher, Calçadão da Crasa, Praça do Sumaré, Praça das Flores, Calçadão da Beira Mar e Praça Eng. Pedro Felipe Borges. It was carried out a mapping using Geoprocessing techniques applied to a GIS, defining a perimeter around these sites and drawing the built and green areas. At each site it was conducted three days of sampling, during the morning and afternoon periods, with a weather station. With these data it was calculated the Thermal Comfort Index, where all the sites were classified as degree of comfort ranging, since the index has a wide range in theirclasses. Due to standardization of results, it became necessary a refinement of data for further analysis. From these relations, it was possible to realize the direct relationship between the temperature of the studied sites with the construction index, showing the influence of buildings in the increase of this temperature. Furthermore, it was seen the importance of trees in the streets and across the city, as a way to soften the temperature and increase humidity, giving a sense of well-being and improving the life quality of this population. In this way, it is important the implementation of green areas in cities as a way to improve the thermal comfort, as well as other benefits such as the stabilization of soils, preventing erosion, improved water retention by the soil, it provides visual well-being, absorbs atmospheric pollutants, functions as a sound barrier, among others.