Anticoncepcionais hormonais e depressão: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Contraception refers to the use of methods and techniques to prevent that sexual intercourse result in pregnancy. The most commonly used contraceptives all over the world are combined oral contraceptives, a type of hormonal contraception. It is estimated that around 100 million women use this method around the world, of tem in discriminately. As a result, there are varied and of tenun explained adverse effects, such as the development of depressive disorders, associated with recent studies on the use of hormonal methods. This paper aims to analyze the scientific evidence of the influence of the use of hormonal contraceptives and the development of depression. For this, na integrative literature review was developed following the steps recommended by Mendes, Silveira and Galvão (2008). Search and selection of studies were performed in the MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCOPUS, LILACS, CINAHL and Cochrane databases. The final sample consisted of 10 articles, of which 60% (n=6) werelocated in the MEDLINE database. Regarding thety peof study, 70% (n=7) were follow-up, being classified with level of evidence IV. The publications were divided in to two categories, the first one aimed at studies that made a positive association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and the development of depression and the second to studies that made a negative association. Among the 10 studies analyzed, 40% (n=4) associated the use of hormonal contraceptives with depressive disorders, worsening of moodor the subsequent use of psychotropic drugs. One study (10%) showed that 25% of the young women and adolescentes using oral contraceptives showed negative mood changes in six months. Thirty percent (n=3) of the studies stated that, with hormonal contraceptive use, there was no increase in depressive symptoms. Tem percent (n=1) reported a reduction in depression score between users and another 10% (n=1) found a protective association between hormonal contraceptive use and the development of depression. Thus, there was a disagreement between the findings and the lack of research on the relation ship between hormonal contraception and the development of depression was identified, especially in studies with higher levels of evidence, which make it possible to use the results of researches in nursing care practice in reproductive planning with greater security.