Ensaios sobre a evolução da política de reforma agrária e a influência da propriedade da terra sobre a renda rural no Brasil

Abstract

This dissertation is composed by two essays. Initially, a panorama is presented on the evolution of the agrarian reform policy in Brazil from the 1990s, and then the influence of the title of land ownership on rural income is evaluated. Thus, in the first chapter, the numbers of established settlement projects and the area for agrarian reform were analyzed each year, from 1994 to 2016, in order to identify periods of acceleration and contraction of the policy. In the methodology, we worked with data provided by the National Institute for the Colonization of Agrarian Reform (Incra), from which graphs were created to demonstrate the accumulation in the agrarian reform area and the number of settlements created during the analyzed period. It was observed that growth in the area accelerated from 2004, which may be associated with the launch of the II National Plan for Agrarian Reform (PNRA) in 2003. However, this growth was largely due to the accumulation of area in the northern region of the country, suggesting that the increase was more related to land regularization than to real estate expropriation. In relation to the increase in the number of settlements, there are two moments of acceleration, 1997 and 2004, movements that may be associated, respectively, with social tensions in the field of the 1990s, and, once again, the launching of the II PNRA. It was also observed a stagnation of the growth in the number of settlements and the area destined to the agrarian reform in Brazil from 2010, suggesting that the measures adopted in the II PNRA no longer impel the execution of this policy. In the second essay, to evaluate the relationship between land ownership and rural income, data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD, 2014) were used to estimate income equations in order to determine the statistical effect of land ownership on income earned in rural areas. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method was used to estimate the yield differential between owners and non-owners. It has been found that individuals who own land have approximately 17% more income than non-landowners. The Oaxaca-Blinder method, on the other hand, showed a favorable differential for non-owners, although the unexplained component pointed to a positive contribution of land ownership by approximately 21%, to an income differential