Avaliação da adesão aos cuidados para prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV em gestantes e puérperas soropositivas

Abstract

The HIV epidemic over the years has become feminized and heterosexualizing, with infection increasing in women, especially in the reproductive age, thus increasing the rates of pregnant women living with HIV, thus increasing the risk of vertical transmission of the virus. Today 93% of the cases of HIV detection in children under 13 years of age are due to this form of contagion. There are many obstacles for women living with HIV / AIDS today in Brazil to achieve adequate adherence to care for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission. Therefore, this study aims to assess the adherence of pregnant and post-partum women to care for the prevention of vertical HIV transmission. This is a descriptive study, with a quantitative and longitudinal design, based on a previous research carried out in three public maternity hospitals in Fortaleza, CE: Gonzaga Mota de Messejana District Hospital (HGF), General Hospital of Fortaleza (HGF) and Maternity School Assis Chateaubriand (MEAC). The eligible patients were pregnant women living with HIV who were undergoing prenatal care in the previously mentioned institutions. These were young women with a mean age of 26.9 years, most of them from the state capital, with low schooling, (70.2%) married, (31.7%) exercising the occupation of the home or unemployed, with per capita income less than half a minimum wage. With regard to the reproductive profile, the majority are multiparous women, who discovered the HIV infection during the current pregnancy or after previous pregnancy (61.54%), (62.5%) without children exposed to the virus. Regarding adherence care for HIV-prevention, women were under prenatal care, had all the routine exams requested, used ART, maintained good nutrition, only 39.8% used condoms in all sexual intercourse. During the delivery, all obstetric care was adopted to reduce the risk of VT, while in the puerperium all the children used AZT correctly until the 4th week of life, were not breastfed, used infant formula and attended all scheduled appointments, performing all the requested tests. However, not all postpartum women (46.7%) received guidance from the health care team about the care they should take to prevent TV. Therefore, despite the limitations of the study and the obstacles encountered by this group, which may lead to a decrease in adherence to care, the research shows a satisfactory adherence on the part of the pregnant women and Vertical Transmission of HIV.