O reúso de águas cinzas na agricultura familiar: benefícios, desafios e perspectivas no semiárido nordestino

Abstract

Brazil possesses significant strategic reserves of water resources. However, the Northeast semiarid region is particularly vulnerable due to irregular rainfall patterns and high evapotranspiration rates, leading to a constant risk of water scarcity. In this context, various actions have been considered to promote water access for human consumption, livestock, and food production. Planned agricultural water reuse is one of the most widespread methods. Despite its benefits, public perception of reuse is a determining factor for its implementation and success. This study aims to analyze the social perception of graywater reuse through the application of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, exploring attitudes, concerns, and factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of this practice among family farmers, institutions, and professionals in the water resources and sanitation sectors. The results indicate the need for a collaborative effort to expand water reuse. Although many farming families already use this technology, there is a lack of information and training to optimize its use. Public managers and professionals recognize the importance of reuse but highlight the need for greater political and financial support. Collaboration between farmers and professionals has been fundamental in disseminating good practices and solving common problems. The exchange of knowledge and experiences among them has significantly strengthened the culture of reuse in communities. For the effective implementation of reuse systems, it is essential to offer financial incentives, implement environmental education programs, and facilitate coordination among the actors involved. Additionally, it is necessary to conduct regular physicochemical analyses, disseminate clear information about the benefits of reuse, and investigate consumer perception of agricultural products irrigated with reused water.