Construção e avaliação de uma cartilha educativa sobre fisioterapia respiratória de gestantes com sequela de Covid-19

Abstract

In Brazil, until May 2022, more than 22 thousand pregnant women were infected by COVID-19, resulting in the deaths of 2,026 women. The literature already clarifies the relationship between pregnancy as a variable associated with a greater risk of complications from this infection, due to the major change in the immune system. Pulmonary repercussions, such as pneumonia, fibrosis and vascular disease, require multimodal therapeutic management. The physiotherapist plays an essential role in the prevention and rehabilitation of these conditions. Given this, interest arose in developing an educational booklet to be used by pregnant women with COVID-19 sequelae, with the aim of providing pregnant women with knowledge about respiratory physiotherapy methods and making them knowledgeable and confident in the rehabilitation process. Therefore, the objective was to develop an educational booklet on breathing exercises for pregnant women with sequelae of COVID-19. This is a methodological study, carried out between 2023 and 2024, divided into three stages: 1) Preparation of the educational booklet; 2) Evaluation of the educational booklet by the judges; 3) Evaluation of the educational booklet by the target audience. The stage with the target audience took place in Sobral, Ceará. Regarding the characterization of the judges, it was observed that the majority were female (n=9; 90%), with an age range between 29 and 42 years. All participants (n=10; 100%) lived in Ceará and worked in physiotherapy, ranging from 5 to 15 years of experience. The booklet was evaluated by 10 judges. The CVI of the items: Scientific accuracy and Content of the educational booklet, according to the judges' analysis, ranged from 0.90 to 0.94. SAM presented an adequate result. After evaluation and suggested changes, it was passed on to design and then taken for evaluation with pregnant women. This stage was carried out with 21 pregnant women, who judged the booklet in terms of organization, writing style, appearance and motivation, calling it easy to understand. Although they made small reservations, they did not interfere with the execution and reading process. Therefore, it was concluded that the booklet, by adapting to the suggestions and comments of the judges and the target audience, constitutes a valid tool to be used for the population, with the aim of promoting health and preventing injuries caused by COVID. -19, seeking to assist with forms of rehabilitation.