Estudo sobre herbicidas iônicos líquidos (HILS): desafios e oportunidades na agricultura sustentável

Abstract

The increasing demand for more efficient and sustainable agricultural solutions drives the search for alternatives to conventional herbicides. Herbicidal Ionic Liquids (HILs) stand out as a promising innovation due to their adjustable properties, which allow for the optimization of herbicidal efficiency and the reduction of environmental impacts. This study aims to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the combinations of cations and anions that maximize the effectiveness of HILs while minimizing volatility, soil mobility, and toxicity to non-target organisms. The methodology follows the PRISMA protocol, selecting 43 scientific articles on the formulation, efficiency, and environmental impact of HILs. The results indicate that combinations of natural cations, such as choline and betaines, with active anions, such as 2,4-D and Dicamba, present an optimized balance between performance and sustainability, characterized by greater foliar adhesion, lower leaching risk, and reduced toxicity. Additionally, based on these findings, a theoretical HIL formulation is proposed with an optimized balance between performance and sustainability. It is concluded that HILs represent a viable alternative for weed management, with the potential to gradually replace traditional herbicides, provided that large-scale studies are conducted for practical validation and regulation.