Prevalência de vaginites e vaginoses em crianças e adolescentes em exames de citologia oncótica, Gram e conteúdo vaginal a fresco

Abstract

Vulvovaginal complaints in childhood and adolescence are a reason for frequent visits to the doctor, pediatrician and/or gynecologist. The laboratory diagnosis of genital infections is carried out from vaginal contents or urethral secretion using some tests. Available methods include: fresh vaginal contents, smear analysis after staining using the Gram method and colpocytological examination using the Pap smear. This work aims to identify the prevalence of vaginitis and vaginosis among children and adolescents using gynecological cytology, fresh vaginal content and Gram. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out with results from conventional cytology, Gram and fresh vaginal contents of children and adolescents. The research was carried out in the archives of the Professor Eleutério Laboratory, Fortaleza-CE, during the years 2019 to 2020. Data analysis was carried out using the GraphPad Prism® 6.0 software with the Kruskal-Wallis test for a 95% confidence interval for continuous data. The study was approved with opinion number: 2,934,072. 797 results from patients aged 5 years to 18 years were evaluated, 560 (70.27%) from conventional cytology, 187 (23.46%) from Gram and 50 (6.27%) from fresh vaginal content. . Among cytology, Gram and fresh vaginal contents, there was a higher prevalence of cases with cytolytic results with 17.06% followed by results with severe non-specific inflammation with 12.42%. Vaginosis and Candida had a prevalence of 6.14% and 5.01%, respectively. In cytology, the age range between 10 and 15 years, the frequency was of normal results (61.30%) followed by cytolytic cases (26.09%). In bacterioscopy, the frequency of 4 - 6 (intermediate microbiota) in relation to the Nugent score was higher in the age group <10 years, being 86.20%. In fresh vaginal contents, there was a higher frequency of negative results in the age group <10 years (75%), also being common between 10 and 15 years (72.22%). In the age group >15 years, the decrease in normal results and increase in cases of Candida (25.92%), vaginosis (14.82%) and cytolytics (11.11%), compared to other ages, was more frequent. We can conclude that childhood vulvovaginitis is not an uncommon disease, however it deserves our attention and studies as it impacts the lives of these children. Therefore, parents and caregivers must be aware of the signs and symptoms. There are few studies carried out on children, so more studies and attention to this topic are needed.