Mercado de terras, assentamentos rurais e regularização fundiária: estudos sobre a experiência do estado do Ceará

Abstract

This thesis focuses on agrarian issues and is composed of four chapters presented in the form of scientific articles. The research is based on the experience of the state of Ceará, located in the Northeast region of Brazil. The first chapter discusses the methodology used by the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA) to record the dynamics of the land market in the country. The objective is to identify and analyze the variables most commonly used in studies of land prices and land markets. Data from the Land Market Analysis Report (RAMT) for the year 2017 were used, along with statistical techniques such as factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results allowed for an understanding of how the analyzed variables correlate to form the land market and the degree of compatibility (cluster) among the municipalities of Ceará. The second chapter identifies and analyzes rainfed crops and the effect of production quantity in municipalities with and without rural settlements. Data were drawn from the Settlements – Project Relationship report, made available by INCRA, covering the period from 1980 to 2020, along with the application of panel data models: fixed effects (one-way) and random effects models. This analysis made it possible to identify the most important crops for the economic reproduction strategies of settlements and to understand how climatic conditions affect production value in Ceará’s municipalities. The third chapter aims to analyze animal production in rural settlements. The analysis considered the production recorded on each property according to its municipality of origin. Data from the National Occupational Supervision System (SNSO), collected between 2018 and 2021 and provided by INCRA, were used. The results revealed the most frequent productive characteristics in the settlements and identified the macro-regions of the state that concentrate the largest number of municipalities with settlements. Finally, the fourth chapter presents the main socioeconomic and productive characteristics of rural settlements that participated in occupational supervision actions conducted by INCRA between 2019 and 2021. The aim was to highlight how the distribution of the Installation Credit and its modalities has been occurring among settler families, to assess the relationship between production value and settlement characteristics, and to determine the factors influencing production in these areas. For the data analysis, a multiple regression model was employed, with regressions carried out at three distinct moments. The results indicate that the productive performance of rural settlements is strongly influenced by structural and economic factors. The area allocated for planting, access to credit to foster production, and water infrastructure are fundamental for increasing both plant and animal production, suggesting that policies focused on strengthening these aspects may maximize gross production value.