Análise crítica dos conteúdos de genética nos livros didáticos do Novo Ensino Médio

Abstract

Education in Brazil is structured around textbooks regulated by the National Program of Didactic Material and Book, “Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático” PNLD, and aligned with the Common National Curriculum Basis, “Base Nacional Comum Curricular” BNCC, which recently reformed the school curriculum through the New High School Reform, “Novo ensino médio” NEM. These changes have introduced greater changes such as the exclusion of mandatory subjects and an increase in school hours. In genetics education, the BNCC emphasizes its scientific and social relevance; however, the content remains abstract and challenging, requiring more effective teaching methodologies. This study aims to analyze the impact of these changes on textbooks, highlighting the challenges faced by teachers and students in assimilating knowledge. The methodology is characterized as a qualitative research approach with elements of descriptive documentary analysis. Data collection was carried out through textual excerpts and images from selected textbooks, which were subjected to content analysis based on pre-established criteria. Five criteria were developed to assess key elements of textbooks in relation to relevant topics in genetics. The analysis of textbooks revealed that while some materials provide an in-depth exploration of the subject through well-structured chapters, others present the content in a superficial manner. In conclusion, the selection of textbooks should be based on a detailed analysis of pedagogical criteria, always considering the suitability of the content to the students' needs.