Análise comparativa da implementação de geração distribuída fotovoltaica utilizando o OpenDSS aplicado à proteção adaptativa de relés

Abstract

In view of the growing penetration of distributed generation from renewable sources, specifically photovoltaics, it has become necessary to investigate the challenges posed to the protection of electrical distribution systems in terms of their traditional protection. The introduction of inverter-based generators significantly alters the magnitude and direction of short currents, compromising the selectivity and coordination of traditional protection schemes, which are designed for unidirectional power flow. Therefore, to reduce these problems, adaptive protection has emerged as a promising solution, given that the settings parameterized in the relay, especially with regard to directional overcurrent protection, will be updated in sync with changes in the system. With this in mind, Sampaio (2022) developed the Adaptive Fuzzy Directional Bat Algorithm (AFDBA) and validated it in three IEEE networks. Martins (2024) conducted a comparative analysis between AFDBA and other similar algorithms proposed in the literature. The present work continues along the same line of research, presenting a new approach to simulating three- and eight-bus networks with OpenDSS, inserting photovoltaic generation at different penetration levels, aiming to verify the impact on adaptive protection obtained through AFDBA, which is applied to solve this problem and determine the optimal relay settings dynamically. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of AFDBA with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation in an adaptive protection approach for two IEEE networks, comparing the different levels of PV penetration with the solution for the system simulated in OpenDSS.