Planejamento urbano do institucional ao insurgente: uma análise sobre a atuação dos movimentos socioambientais na proteção dos bens comuns urbanos

Abstract

The modern citizenship crisis and the representative democracy weakening indicate the gradual estrangement between citizen' yearnings and the state's practices. The social compact, signed between people and State, become fragile insofar the public power associates with private entities and prioritizes the interests of specific groups to the detriment of collective rights guarantee. This questionable relation reflects the space appropriation and management based on privatization tendency of urban commons and contribute to the deeping of social-spatial inequality and ecological unbalance. Additionally the institucional urban planning, considered by many au- thors a state tool of control, frequently reinforce this process. This dynamic pushes vulnerable groups to create new strategies, without consulting of the State, to legi- timate their rights, appropriating the certain private open areas, in a process of col- lective social construction which reframes this spaces and converts them into urban commons. Through straight actions and self-organization, these groups influentiate and amend the institutional urban planning expanding the citizenship and demo- cracy notions and establishing a new practice called insurgent urban planning. This research proposes to understand in which way the resistance and claim practices which fight for the protection of urban commons of may be considered urban plan- ning practices. Therefore, the initial part is a literature review from authors who discuss the urban planning theory and, in parallel with, to exemplify the exposed concepts, we organized a historical approach with Fortaleza linking the urbaniza- tion process with the tendency of urban commons replacement at distincts city con- texts. The last part is the comparison between two cases of social-environmental mo- vements in Fortaleza which have similarities and differences, the green area around Lagoa da Viúva, located in Grande Bom Jardim region, and the surrounding area of Cocó, located eastern region of city. These groups expand the notion of democracy and citizenship and achieve insurgent practices, even hold their heterogeneity, they position themselves against conter hegemonic order and claim for more visibility in the face of public policies and institutioal urban planning, besides lead their dis- course and actions towards of sharing and of use value valuation of environmental and social major áreas. Ultimately, this work considers that the power of vulnerable groups in the urban space collectivization is the first step to build fairest and more inclusive cities.