O Programa Mulheres Mil pelo Via Trabalho e Educação: uma experiência desenvolvida no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão

Abstract

The present research investigates the Public Policy of Professional Education: Program Thousand Women (PMM) offered at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the state of Maranhão (IFMA), Timon campus, from 2012 to 2014. Specifically, it analyzes the political, economic and social context prevailing in the country during the period of regulation of the PMM and its impacts on social policies, specifically, professional education; It investigates the intentions and contradictions of the proposal of professional qualification of the Program; it identifies the students' perceptions about the courses of qualification offered by the Program and the incentive to increase schooling; it highlights the places that women in PMM occupy in the world of work.The Thousand Women Program is one of the actions of the Dilma Rousseff Federal Government Plan (2011-2014), belonging to the productive inclusion axis, along with other professional qualification programs. These programs are run by the Federal Institutes. The objective of the Thousand Women Program is to promote the professional qualification of women in situation of social vulnerability for insertion in the world of work and to encourage them to raise their schooling. Therefore, when reflecting on this pretension, present in its official text, it is necessary to question the conception of the access of women, in a situation of vulnerability, to education and the world of work. The question is whether such conceptions refer to a possibility of raising schooling and professional inclusion or compete to strengthen the insertion in the world of work under the command of capital. Thus, this research started with the following question: to what extent does the professional training offered by the PMM guarantee the insertion of women in the labor market in constant change? If so, what kind of insertion in the labor market? What changes have taken place in their lives after the conclusion of the courses offered by the Program? How is the raise of higher education promoted? This issue involves an analytical perspective of the process that relates the content of the Program to the context of its formulation, implementation and execution, at the national and local levels. Thus, to answer these questions a qualitative research was carried out. However, the quantitative data were also considered in the research. We sought to dialogue with thinkers in the areas of contemporary capitalism, work, professional education and gender. Among them, Antunes (2004,2012), Alves (2007, 2014), Carvalho (2016), Kuenzer (2010), Scott (1990) and Hirata (2003, 2011), in order to strengthen the analytical bases for the study object. Field research was conducted through an interview. Finally, the analysis of the data was inspired by the methodology of the in-depth evaluation and the principles of content analysis (BARDIN, 1994) articulated to the researched theoretical framework that pointed to the following results: the professional qualification promoted by PMM is not enough for the insertion In the labor market and when this insertion becomes effective it only contemplates an occupation in simple, deregulated and precarious jobs, reinforcing the interests of the logic of capital and the dictates of the World Bank for policies focused on a compensatory perspective. As for the incentive to increase schooling, we highlight the (re)entry into formal education of a significant portion of PMM graduates. The findings also reveal that education can be a way and school one of the loci of problematization and deconstruction of inequalities between men and women.